2008-2009 ADA Rules

1.    FORMAT--Cross-examination style debate format will be used, with two-person teams. There will be four nine-minute constructive speeches, beginning with the affirmative. After each constructive, there will be a three-minute cross-examination by a member of the opposition. There will be four six-minute rebuttals, beginning with the negative. Each team will be allocated ten minutes of preparation time to be used in between speeches and cross-examination periods.

 

2.    TOPIC--The ADA will adopt the policy topic approved by the Executive Committee.

 

3.    CONSTRAINTS ON THE AFFIRMATIVE-- The first affirmative constructive speaker is expected to present a complete case which includes a topical plan of action and a rationale justifying that plan. The affirmative team must present and defend through the entirety of the debate only one plan, and once presented, this plan cannot be changed, altered, or amended in any way during the debate. This does not preclude permutations. The affirmative team is not obligated to reveal their case before the debate.

 

4.    COUNTERPLANS—Counterplans should compete with the affirmative.

 

5.    CRITIQUES--If the negative chooses to critique it has the burden of defending an alternative which justifies rejection of the affirmative's proposed plan of action. A unique reason for voting must be clearly identified during the initial presentation of the criticism. If the affirmative team demonstrates that the critique fails to meet any of these criteria the judge must disregard the critique.

 

6.    TOPICALITY—Topicality asks whether the affirmative is sufficiently within the scope of the resolution and is a voting issue.

 

7.    CONSTRAINTS DURING REBUTTALS-- No new constructive argument or new constructive positions may be advanced in rebuttal speeches, absent arguments or positions made in the 1AR to address new 2NC constructions. This does not restrict the use of new evidence to address arguments presented in the constructive speeches.

 

8.    MATERIALS-- Evidence presented in debates should include the following orally presented citation: the author (if any) or the source of the publication, author's qualifications, and date. Page numbers and the remaining full citation including, where applicable, the full web site and date accessed,must be available upon request. This citation is expected for all pieces of evidence the first time the evidence is presented. For subsequent references to the same author or work, the citation may be abbreviated. If an evidence challenge is made premised upon intentional fabrication, distortion, or misrepresentation, then it is an ethical challenge and the burden of proof is upon the challenger. Debaters should understand that judges may choose to penalize frivolous accusations. All words inserted in evidence must be enclosed in square brackets or slash marks; all internally ellipsed parts of the evidence must be available immediately upon the request by the opponents, or at the conclusion of the round upon request by the judge. The material in the brackets or internally ellipsed ought in no way alter the original author's intent. Material presented in the debate must be accompanied by an original oral explanation justifying the introduction of that material into the debate and the material being presented must be available as a textual transcription for inspection by the opposing team.

 

9.    OUTSIDE ASSISTANCE--Once the debate has begun, a team may not receive assistance, suggestions, or coaching from anyone while the round is in progress. This does not prevent debate partners from helping one another, but does prevent outside persons from helping a team during the course of a debate. Debaters may not receive electronic assistance from outside sources or perform electronic research during the course of a debate.

10.   PROMPTING/CROSS-TALK--Only the person speaking, asking a question in cross-examination, or answering a question in cross-examination should be talking. Partners should not vocally 'prompt' the speaker during his/her speech. Cross-examination questions should be asked and answered only by the two debaters involved in the cross-examination period. MINIMAL consultation with opponents is allowed during the questioning team's preparation time.

 

11.   DECORUM--Debaters and judges should refrain from the use of profanity during debates. Debaters and judges should treat one another with civility during debates and when debate decisions are revealed and discussed. Debaters and judges should treat one another with generosity, respect and kindness. Participants (debaters, judges, coaches, observers, etc.) may not engage in any nudity, sexually explicit or illegal behavior, or use illegal substances while at the location of the debate rounds or during a debate.

 

12.   DELIVERY--Debaters should speak comprehensively and intelligibly while giving speeches and engaging in cross-examination. Debaters should refrain from shouting or yelling while speaking. Debaters have the burden to develop clearly all ideas presented and to do so in an oral style that recognizes and adapts to the expressed preferences of the judge in the round.

 

13.   EXPIRATION OF TIME--Debaters should cease speaking when the time expires. The debater's idea which is being presented when time expires may be finished but no new statements may be initiated after the time expires.

 

14.   RESPONSIBILITIES OF JUDGES--Judges should listen conscientiously and in a manner designed to promote recognition and recall of positions advanced in speeches and question periods. Judges are encouraged to provide verbal and nonverbal feedback to encourage comprehensibility and to discourage violating the rules of debate. Further, judges will attempt to avoid verbal and nonverbal feedback which degrades, humiliates or otherwise belittles the efforts of the debater speaking. Judges should listen to all proofs offered by debaters and render a decision based on the clash in the debate, uninfluenced by the judge's preconceptions about the proposition or the type of proof called for in a given situation. Oral critiques by judges are encouraged for all rounds so long as the critique does not delay teams or the judge from getting to the next scheduled round before the forfeit time. Judges should refrain from long critiques when debaters need to get off campus to eat during meal breaks. Judges must render a decision in which one of the teams participating in the debate is declared the winner.

 

15.  DEBATE DECISIONS--Judges choosing to reveal decisions will do so to both teams involved in the debate. Judges must write a critique for each preliminary round debate they are assigned to judge. Written critiques for preliminary rounds should be turned in to the tabulation room so that they can be distributed to competing teams no later than the start of the second elimination round. A school's packet of ballots and results sheets will not be released by the tab room if any judge from that school or hired by that school has not turned in a completed ballot for any preliminary round in which they judged. Judges hired by the tournament will not be paid until they have turned in a completed ballot for any preliminary round judged. Writing a statement such as 'oral critique given' on the ballot does not satisfy the expectation that judges should write a critique for each preliminary round they are assigned to judge. Written critiques presenting a judge's reasons for decision in elimination rounds are optional and completed at the judge's discretion. If completed they should be turned in so that they can be distributed no later than the conclusion of the tournament. If the judge elects not to write an elimination round critique, he/she should discuss the debate and the rationale for the decision made with both teams involved in the debate.

 

16.  ANNOUNCEMENT OF ELIMINATION ROUND DECISIONS AT ADA TOURNAMENTS -- At ADA tournaments, the Tournament Director shall designate a Chair for all elimination round panels except for the final round in each division. Judges shall submit their ballots to the designated Chair. After all judges have voted and the original ballots have been returned to the Tournament Director or his/her designated representative, the Chair shall announce the decision of the judges in the room in which the debate was held. Decisions in the final round of each division shall be announced by the Tournament Director or his/her designee at a time and place designated by the Director.

1.    COMPLIANCE WITH THE A.F.A. CODE--Tournament Directors agree to abide by the American Forensic Association Code of Forensics Program and Forensics Tournament Standards for Colleges and Universities, Article III (Tournament Practices).

 

2.    TOURNAMENT SANCTIONING -- For a tournament to be sanctioned by the ADA and to count for ADA Sweepstakes points, the tournament director must submit a request to be sanctioned to the President of the ADA by August 1 before the season of competition for which that tournament wishes to be sanctioned. That tournament director agrees in submitting such a request to announce in the tournament invitation that the tournament will be conducted in accordance with the American Debate Association rules, to enforce the ADA rules as the tournament director, and to submit tournament results to the Vice-President for Records within two weeks after the conclusion of the tournament. The President of the ADA in consultation with the ADA Executive Committee will approve a tournament's request by August 15 before the season of competition for which a tournament is seeking sanctioning. Tournaments that have been previously sanctioned, will remain sanctioned as long as they meet the above criteria, but do not need to submit a request to the President of the ADA. Tournament directors should make their request to the President of the ADA in written form or via e-mail. The ADA National Tournament is automatically sanctioned. Under special circumstances, the Executive Committee can vote to sanction a tournament after the August 15^th deadline.

 

3.     JUDGING

 

A.    Eligibility. To be eligible to judge in an ADA tournament a person must either: 1) have attained a baccalaureate degree or 2) have no remaining intercollegiate debate eligibility and be enrolled in their last year of undergraduate studies. Tournament Directors may make individual exceptions to this rule in the case of persons who are enrolled in their last two semesters of undergraduate study and who are no longer competing in intercollegiate debate. Undergraduate students are eligible to judge for a maximum of two semesters. Any person who judges at an ADA tournament forfeits the right to compete in any ADA tournament thereafter. Exceptions to this rule based on emergencies or tournaments of special character may be made by the director, in consultation with available members of the ADA Executive Committee, in such circumstances to enable the tournament to continue.

 

B.    Assignment. Judges will be assigned to debate rounds by using one of three methods of judge placement decided by the tournament director and announced before the first preliminary round of the tournament. If the tournament offers multiple divisions, the same method of judge placement must be used in each division. Method one is to assign judges randomly with judges being placed within the criteria described below. Additionally, in random placement, judges may not preclude themselves from judging any division of debate, unless they are judges who are in their first or second year of judging or they have judged fewer than fifty debates during the past three years, in which case, they may restrict themselves to judging in the novice and junior varsity divisions. Method two is random after an appropriate number of team preclusions (determined by the tournament director) have been offered to each participating team during the registration period (each team could strike judges from hearing them). Method three is to assign judges by a mutual preference system beginning in at least the third preliminary round of debate. Judges will be assigned to the first two preliminary rounds using a random placement system. The mutual preference system may employ a rating system for judges and may be combined with judge preclusions. When using a random system of placement, judges may not be subjectively evaluated by the tournament director or the tournament participants for placement in random rounds of debate (including the first two preliminary rounds for method three, mutual preference). Judges may never be subjectively evaluated by tournament directors for preclusion from teams or divisions, for mutual preference or for judge placement. Tournament directors should announce in their invitations the method they intend to use. The ADA National Championship Tournament will use method three of judge placement. The following criteria should be observed in placing judges in debates:

 

                      1.   A judge should not judge his/her own teams;

 

2.   A judge will not judge a team if he/she debated at that school within the last four years, coached at the school within the last two years, or coached either of the debaters on the team;

 

3.   Judges may request for good reasons that they not judge a particular team;

 

4.   Judges should not judge the same team twice in prelims, unless it is mathematically unavoidable. If this rule cannot be upheld, a judge should hear the same team a second time on the opposite side of the proposition and he/she should hear the team a second time only in one of the last two prelim rounds;

 

5.   Judges will be assigned to debates in accordance with some predetermined, mathematical order. In instances where mutual preference judging is not used, a judge will hear the first debate

he/she is eligible to hear;

 

6.   Judges may not preclude themselves from judging any division of debate, unless they are judges who are in their first or second year of judging or they have judged fewer than fifty debates during the past three years, in which case, they may restrict themselves to judging in the novice and junior varsity divisions. Emergency eligibility exceptions to this rule can be made by the tournament director in consultation with the ADA Executive Committee.

 

C. Philosophies. Judges should make judge philosophies available either

electronically or should submit them to the tournament host in written form at all of the tournaments they judge. The judge philosophies are required for the ADA National Tournament, and must be to submitted to the host one week in advance of the tournament. A copy of these judge philosophies will be made available at registration of the American Debate Association National Tournament. Judges who fail to comply at the ADA National Tournament will be ineligible to judge and the schools they represent will be fined $50 plus $25 per committed round.

 

1.      SECRECY--The tournament staff will keep results secret from tournament participants until the end of the preliminary round. Tournament staff will not disclose round pairings to debaters or coaches or judges prior to the public announcement of those pairings.

 

2.      FORFEITURE--A fifteen minute forfeiture rule will be in effect. Beginning with the announced starting time for a round of debate, teams and judges will have a fifteen minute 'grace' period. A team which is not ready to begin debating after the fifteen minutes have expired will be declared to have lost the debate.  A representative from each team must be available at least 30 minutes before the announced start time of the first elimination round of the morning. If said representative is not available and the debate is a flip-for-sides debate, the team that is present may choose their side for the debate. A judge who is not prepared to start judging at the end of the grace period will cause his/her best team in the tournament at that point to receive a loss for the round the judge failed to be ready to judge. Hired judges will forfeit all pay for the tournament if they fail to meet a judging obligation and if they cannot be replaced by a substitute judge.

 

 

3.      SWING TEAMS--Tournament hosts should enter a swing team (or teams) to divisions of debate so that the division will have an even number of competing teams, thereby eliminating the need for bye rounds. Tournament hosts who cannot supply swing teams of their own shall try to recruit swing teams from other schools. Tournament hosts will not enter their own teams in a division of debate if that entry has the effect of creating an uneven number of teams in a division. Bye rounds shall occur only as a last resort. This rule does not apply to the ADA National tournament.

 

4.       TOURNAMENT PROFIT-- Tournament directors should ensure that their tournament is not run to benefit financially the host school. An anticipated profit in excess of 10% of total entry fees is considered excessive.

 

8. NOVICE DEBATE

 

A. TEACH-IN -- Tournaments should strive to provide at least one round of “teaching sessions” for novices where novice debaters meet with judges and coaches during the time allotted for the debate (2 hours or two 50 minute sessions). These teaching sessions could focus on any number of topics and could involve small or large groups.

 

B. EARLY MOVES - Novice teams progressing to junior varsity or varsity during their first year and not returning to novice (at any tournament after the move up) should be recognized at ADA Nationals. The school of each debater that moves up and competes in at least three additional non-novice tournaments including ADA Nationals should be awarded 5 points in the Grand Sweepstakes. It is the responsibility of the director of each individual program to notify the Vice President of Records of the progression

1.      DEBATER ELIGIBILITY -- To participate in the ADA National Championship Tournament a debater must be an undergraduate student who is regularly enrolled and in good standing at the institution for which s/he is competing at the tournament. Any student in compliance with the AFA standards is eligible for competition for the ADA National Tournament. Students may attend a maximum of four ADA Nationals. A student who has debated at any intercollegiate debate tournament in more than ten semesters is ineligible to attend ADA Nationals.

 

2.      TRANSFER STUDENTS-- Students transferring from one four year college debate program to another will be eligible for competition unless the transfer violates the rules specified in the AFA Code of Forensics Program and Forensics Tournament Standards. If a transfer student is held to have violated those provisions, he/she will be ineligible for competition in ADA until the academic year following the transfer.

 

3.      PIRACY-- Coaches agree to refrain from acts of piracy, meaning that they will voluntarily avoid attempts to lure debaters away from active four-year college debate programs and into their own.

 

4.      ELIGIBILITY FOR DEBATE DIVISIONS-- Tournaments will define eligibility for particular divisions of debate in the following ways:

A. Varsity Debate--open to all students;

 

B. Junior Varsity Debate

 

1.      open only to students who are competing in their first two academic years of intercollegiate debate beyond the novice level.

2.      Progression during the year. Debaters competing in JV must progress to open or varsity debate:

a.       if they advance to the final round of three JV, open, or varsity tournaments (no matter where) in which there are 20 or more teams in the division, or

b.      if they qualify to attend the National Debate Tournament

3.      ADA Nationals. The aforementioned progression requirement based on advancing to the final rounds of three junior varsity, open, or varsity tournaments does not apply to ADA Nationals and Round Robins.

 

A.    Novice Debate--This division is designed for debaters who are truly in their first year of competitive debate or who have so little previous experience that they are functionally first-year debaters.

 

1.      Eligibility. This division is open to debaters who:

 

2.      Forced progression into the JV division in the middle of the academic year does not count against the two years of JV eligibility ADA Nationals. The aforementioned progression requirement based on advancing to the final rounds of three novice, junior varsity, open, or varsity tournaments does not apply to ADA Nationals or Round Robins for which participants are invited based on the current year’s record of competition.

 

B.     Any program director seeking an exemption from the above standards shall submit a request to the Vice President who, in conjunction with the Executive Committee or subcommittee thereof, shall rule upon it. Appeals, once granted, may be revoked based on tournament performance.

 

5.      ADA Nationals. For the purposes of the ADA National tournament only, a debate team is defined as the two-person team that begins the first rounds of the tournament and who debate together throughout the course of the tournament. Hybrids may debate together at the ADA National Tournament, but they may not clear to elimination rounds.   If one of the debaters of a team cannot debate in any given round, that round will be forfeited. Teams that forfeit rounds will be given average speaker points, but are ineligible to clear to elimination rounds if speaker points are the determining factor for their clearing. Debaters who forfeit rounds are ineligible for speaker awards.

7.      Debate Teams at ADA Tournaments. For the purposes of ADA tournaments, a debate team is defined as the two-person team that begins the first round of the tournament and who debate together throughout the course of the tournament. Hybrid teams are allowed at the discretion of the tournament director, and are allowed to clear to elimination rounds at the discretion of the tournament director. A tournament's policy on hybrid teams must be indicated in the tournament invitation. If one of the debaters of a team cannot debate in any given round, that round will be forfeited. Speaker points in forfeit situations will be averaged, but the team forfeiting is ineligible to clear to elimination rounds if speaker points are the determining factor for their clearing. The debate may still occur for educational purposes. However, that team will still be eligible for speaker awards and elimination rounds.

1.      VIOLATIONS OF ARTICLE I BY DEBATERS--Unless otherwise specified, violations of rules in Article I will be penalized by the judge either disregarding arguments which do not meet the standards established, diminishing the speaker points for debaters violating the rules in Article I, or in extreme cases (to be determined by the judge) awarding a loss to the team which has violated these rules.

 

2.      VIOLATIONS OF ARTICLE I BY JUDGES/COACHES—Unless otherwise specified, a coach/judge held in violation of the ADA rules in Article I will be penalized after investigation by an ad hoc group commissioned by the ADA President. If the complaint is judged to be substantial, the offending coach/judge may either receive a letter of reprimand (with copies sent to appropriate school officials) or be barred from judging at ADA tournaments. Judges who are in violation of rule I.14 of ADA rules may be removed from the judge pool by the tournament director. Judges who are removed from the tournament are responsible for compensating the tournament for judging fees or removal of an appropriate number of their teams.

 

3.      VIOLATIONS OF ARTICLE II--Unless otherwise specified, violations of Article II provisions will result in penalties imposed on the school which hosted the tournaments. If a complaint is raised, the president of the American Debate Association will appoint an ad hoc group to investigate and rule on the complaint. If the complaint is judged to be substantial, the following penalties will be imposed:

 

a.       The host school (if a member of ADA) will forfeit its best tournament results for sweepstakes purposes;

 

b.      The host school will receive a letter of reprimand from the ADA President, with copies sent to appropriate school officials;

 

c.       The host school will be prevented from participation in ADA tournaments in subsequent years.

 

4.      VIOLATIONS OF ARTICLE III--Unless otherwise specified, schools which compete in ADA events with ineligible students will forfeit any points earned by those students at the tournaments in which those students were ineligible. Any school which incurs two infractions involving the use of ineligible students in the same academic year will be barred from further competition in ADA.

 

5.      VIOLATIONS OF ARTICLE IV—Unless otherwise specified, a coach, program director or judge held in violation of the ADA rules in Article IV will be penalized after investigation by an ad hoc group commissioned by the ADA President. If the complaint is judged to be substantial, the punishment may include a letter of reprimand or being barred from attending or judging at ADA tournaments or the loss of all ADA points accumulated at the tournament at which the infraction occurred.

 

6.      DUE PROCESS--Schools or persons charged with violations of ADA rules will be informed of any charges against them. These persons will have the right to present their 'case' to the ADA President or the ad hoc investigative group. Any decisions made may be appealed to the President, who will call an appeals board to review the appeal. This board will be made up of persons not on the ad hoc investigative group. Any special groups or boards convened will be made up of three to five persons who are subscribers to the ADA.

1.      Only ADA member schools who have paid the annual patron membership dues prior to the start of the opening round of ADA Nationals (or whatever tournament concludes the ADA season) are eligible to win sweepstakes awards, or participation at the National Tournament.

 

2.      A school's best eight records in a given division count; however, no more than two of these records may be compiled at a single tournament.

 

3.      1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th place awards will be presented in varsity, junior varsity, and novice divisions. The 'Grand Sweepstakes' category, where points from the other three divisions are added together, will also feature 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th place awards. There will finally be an appropriate number of "Newcomer" awards, presented to the highest-ranked new or re-newed (after at least a five-year absence) program/s in the "Grand Sweepstakes" category.

 

4. Teams earn points as follows:

 

Undefeated 10 points

 

7-1 8 points

 

6-2 or 5-1 7 points

 

5-3 or 4-2 6 points

 

4-4 or 3-3 5 points

 

3-5 or 2-4 4 points

 

2-6 or 1-5 3 points

                       

1-7 2 points

                       

0-8 or 0-6 1 point

 

Missing Elims on Points 1 point

 

Clearing to Elims 3 points

 

Each Elim round win 3 points

 

1st Speaker 3 points

 

2nd Speaker 2 points

 

3rd -10th Speakers 1 point

 

5. A school hosting a tournament cannot earn any points at that tournament.

 

6. Speaker awards are awarded with the following restrictions:

 

20 or fewer debaters in a division--Speakers 1-3;

 

22-30 debaters in a division--Speakers 1-5;

           

31 or more debaters in a division--Speakers 1-10

4.      The first elimination round held in any division of debate shall include no more than or less than half of the teams competing in the preliminary rounds of debate in that division. In divisions with an odd number of teams entered, the number of teams clearing will be rounded down to the next whole number. A tournament may depart from the provision under only 3 circumstances: a) building space is unavailable to hold the required number of elim round debates on the final day of the tournament; or b) the announced prelim round tournament schedule would have to be altered to accommodate the required number of elim rounds. Results of all elim round debates will count toward sweepstakes points unless the elim bracket contained more than half of the teams competing in the preliminary rounds.

 

If an ADA tournament 'breaks' to a partial elim round bracket, the partial bracket should involve the maximum number of teams eligible to break (with the exception of a double-octo-final bracket or beyond). Prior to the start of the first debate, the tournament director must announce the size of the first elim round bracket for each division. Once announced, the elim round bracket decisions are final.

 

Novices who are the higher seed must advance over other teammates unless the team advancing is in their final semester of debate.

 

8.      If a tournament director chooses to collapse two or more divisions into one in the preliminary rounds, only one set of elimination rounds shall count for points for that combined division. In the case of combining varsity and junior varsity, points shall be awarded in varsity. In the case of combining junior varsity and novice division, points will be awarded in junior varsity.

 

9.      Ties in the sweepstakes competition will not be broken.

 

10. A school’s record earned at the ADA National Tournament will be multiplied by 1.5 for purposes of calculating sweepstakes points.

 

 

Revisions--American Debate Association Standing Rules of Tournament Procedure

 

Written June, 1985 by John T. Morello

 

Revised July, 1986 by Theodore F. Sheckels, Jr.

 

Revised June, 1987 by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Frederick, Maryland, May 8, 1987. Theodore F. Sheckels, Jr.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Frederick, Maryland, May 17, 1988. Edward Grinder, O.S.B.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Frederick, Maryland, May 18, 1989. Edward Grinder, O.S.B.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Frederick, Maryland, May 17, 1990. Edward Grinder, O.S.B.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 18, 1991. Edward Grinder, O.S.B.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, November 2, 1991. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 15, 1992. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, Maryland May 11, 1993. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, Maryland May 17, 1994. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, Maryland May 5,

1995. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Ron Wastyn.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, Maryland May 13, 1996. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Arnie Madsen.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 19, 1997. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Sue Wenzlaff.

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, Maryland, May 15, 1999. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 18, 2000. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Baltimore, Virginia, May 17, 2001. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 17, 2002. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 17, 2002. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Annapolis, Maryland, May 16, 2003. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 14, 2004. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Brent Brossmann

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Orlando, Florida. May 14, 2005. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Michael Dutcher

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Cleveland, Ohio. May 18, 2006.

Approved by membership via mail ballot. Michael Hall

 

Revised by action of schools attending ADA meeting in Fredericksburg, Virginia, May 18, 2007. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Michael Hall

 

Revised by action of the schools attending ADA meeting in Richmond, Virginia. May 16, 2008. Approved by membership via mail ballot. Michael Hall